How To Finish A Table

How to Finish a Table: A Guide to Achieving a Professional Look

A finished table is more than just a piece of furniture; it's a statement piece that reflects your style and craftsmanship. Whether you've built it yourself or purchased a new table, adding the finishing touches can elevate its appearance and longevity. This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to finish a table, covering various techniques and considerations.

Preparing the Table

Before applying any finish, proper preparation is crucial. This includes cleaning the table thoroughly to remove dust, debris, and any existing coatings. For raw wood, sanding is essential to achieve a smooth surface and create a base for the finish to adhere to.

Start with coarse-grit sandpaper (80-120 grit) to remove surface imperfections and then progress to finer grits (150-220 grit) for a smoother finish. For previously finished tables, stripping the existing coating is necessary using chemical strippers or a sanding process.

Choosing the Right Finish

The type of finish you choose will depend on the desired look and the table's intended use. Here are some common finishing options:

Oil-based polyurethanes: Offer excellent durability, water resistance, and a high gloss finish. However, they have a strong odor and require longer drying times.
Water-based polyurethanes: Emit less odor, dry faster, and are less toxic than oil-based polyurethanes, while still offering good protection.
Varnish: Provides a hard, protective coating with a high gloss finish. It's often used for furniture that requires frequent cleaning.
Lacquer: Creates a durable, smooth, and high-gloss finish that dries quickly. It's commonly used for fine furniture and musical instruments.
Wax: Adds a natural sheen and provides some protection. Wax is often used as a final layer to enhance the look of other finishes.
Stain: Used to color the wood without obscuring its grain. Stains are available in various colors and finishes.

Applying the Finish

Once you've chosen your finish, the next step is to apply it correctly. The method of application varies depending on the type of finish.

For oil-based finishes: Use a natural bristle brush to apply thin, even coats. Avoid overloading the brush and allow the finish to dry completely before applying additional coats.

For water-based finishes: Use a foam brush or a spray gun for a more even application. Water-based finishes often require multiple thin coats.

For wax finishes: Rub the wax onto the surface using a clean cloth. Allow the wax to dry completely before buffing it to a shine.

For stains: Apply the stain evenly using a brush, cloth, or sponge. Allow the stain to dry completely before applying a topcoat.

Finishing Touches

After applying the finish, pay attention to the details to achieve a professional look. This includes:

Sanding between Coats: Sanding lightly between coats of finish helps to smooth out imperfections and create a more even finish.
Applying a Topcoat: A topcoat is often applied over the finish for added protection and durability.
Protecting the Finish: Once the finish is completely dry, apply a protective sealant to prevent scratches and water damage.
Hardware and Accessories: Install any hardware, such as handles or drawer pulls, and add any decorative elements to enhance the table's appearance.

Finishing a table requires patience and attention to detail. By carefully preparing the surface, selecting the right finish, and applying it correctly, you can create a beautiful and durable piece of furniture that will be enjoyed for years to come.